The Federal Reserve yields enormous power over the health of the nation’s economy AP Personal Finance Editor Trevor Delaney explains how setting interest rates is one of its most powerful tools.

This week will be interesting for the bond market and mortgage rates. There are five remaining economic reports scheduled for release, but only one of them is considered to be of high importance to the markets. With data being posted all but one day of the week, we may see some noticeable fluctuations from day to day in mortgage pricing.  Generally speaking, despite the lack of a data-packed calendar, I would still maintain constant contact with your mortgage professional.

Interest rates remained volatile last week as worries about inflation continued to influence the mortgage market.   Comments from the Federal Reserve indicated that the current rate of inflation is above desired levels.  When the Fed is concerned about inflation, they tend to raise interest rates.  We recommend locking now before they go up.

Inflation data continues to hammer headlines and our wallets. News this week demonstrated what we have all been feeling; prices are higher at the pump, the grocery store and anywhere else you use your debit card. Interest rates trade off of bond prices and bonds HATE inflation. Coupled with this is concern about a declining economy which could hold rates back a bit, but the overall trend is higher for those seeking a mortgage in coming months.

Volatility being what it is these days, mortgage rates bounce around a lot. Upward pressure for rates one day gives way to downward pressure the next, only to succumb to upward pressure again.

The see saw between concerns about growth and fears about inflation tilted toward the inflation side again this week, after Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke addressed Congress in the semi-annual report on monetary policy. While detailing the challenges facing the economy, Bernanke noted that inflation was above desired levels and that upside risks for higher prices have “intensified” lately. A Fed seeing higher inflation usually can be expected to react with an upward move to the Fed Funds and Discount Rates at some point in the not-too-distant future. In fact, the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee explicitly noted at its last meeting that “with increased upside risks to inflation and inflation expectations, members believed that the next change in the stance of policy could well be an increase in the funds rate.”

Analysis by Jean-Claude Trichet, ECB President; European Central Bank is set to raise interest rates today; Analysis by Paul Robson of Royal Bank of Scotland; Report by Marie Louise Moller of Bloomberg News.

President Bollinger, Dean Hubbard, Co-Chairman Kravis, and distinguished guests, I am very pleased to be here and especially honored to receive the Columbia Business School’s Distinguished Leadership in Government Award. This evening I would like to offer a few thoughts on mortgage markets and the recent increase in the pace of delinquencies and foreclosures. My particular focus will be on geographic variation in mortgage performance and how that variation can help us better understand and prevent foreclosures. I will also discuss some initiatives taken by the Federal Reserve to address the foreclosure crisis as well as other policies that might be used to strengthen mortgage and housing markets.

Geographic Variation in Loan Mortgage Performance

As my listeners know, conditions in mortgage markets remain quite difficult, and mortgage delinquencies have climbed steeply. The sharpest increases have been among subprime mortgages, particularly those with adjustable interest rates: About one quarter of subprime adjustable-rate mortgages are currently 90 days or more delinquent or in foreclosure. Delinquency rates also have increased in the prime and near-prime segments of the mortgage market, although not nearly so much as in the subprime sector. As a consequence of rising delinquencies, foreclosure proceedings were initiated on some 1.5 million U.S. homes during 2007, up 53 percent from 2006, and the rate of foreclosure starts looks likely to be yet higher in 2008. Not all foreclosure starts result in the borrower’s loss of the home; sometimes the borrower is able to make up the missed payments or other arrangements are made with the lender. Given the number of borrowers in distress and the weakness of the general housing market, the share of foreclosure initiations that ultimately result in the loss of the home seems likely to be higher in the current episode than customarily has been the case.

The Federal Open Market Committee decided today to lower its target for the federal funds rate 50 basis points to 3 percent.

Financial markets remain under considerable stress, and credit has tightened further for some businesses and households.  Moreover, recent information indicates a deepening of the housing contraction as well as some softening in labor markets.

The Committee expects inflation to moderate in coming quarters, but it will be necessary to continue to monitor inflation developments carefully.

Today’s policy action, combined with those taken earlier, should help to promote moderate growth over time and to mitigate the risks to economic activity.  However, downside risks to growth remain.  The Committee will continue to assess the effects of financial and other developments on economic prospects and will act in a timely manner as needed to address those risks.

Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Ben S. Bernanke, Chairman; Timothy F. Geithner, Vice Chairman; Donald L. Kohn; Randall S. Kroszner; Frederic S. Mishkin; Sandra Pianalto; Charles I. Plosser; Gary H. Stern; and Kevin M. Warsh.  Voting against was Richard W. Fisher, who preferred no change in the target for the federal funds rate at this meeting.

In a related action, the Board of Governors unanimously approved a 50-basis-point decrease in the discount rate to 3-1/2 percent.  In taking this action, the Board approved the requests submitted by the Boards of Directors of the Federal Reserve Banks of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and San Francisco.

2008 Monetary Policy Releases

Bush Praises Subprime Mortgage Strategy

President Bush says it is “going to take a while to work through this mortgage bubble,” but that his administration does have a strategy for helping subprime borrowers refinance or restructure their mortgages.

Bush said in a speech on the economy that the Treasury Department has worked with mortgage servicers so borrowers don’t “get pinched as their interest rates reset”. He also noted that the Federal Housing Administration is helping to refinance subprime borrowers and could do more if Congress passes an FHA modernization bill. (The Senate just passed such a bill, which now has to be reconciled with the House version).

Former Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan has suggested that the federal government could provide cash assistance for distressed homeowners who can’t afford their mortgage payments.

Mr. Bush stressed in his speech that he is against bailouts for lenders, speculators, and people who bought a house they couldn’t afford. “But we can mitigate some of the issues, and I’m concerned about people who are credit worthy enough to live in their homes not being able to deal with these resets,” he said.

Today’s Current Mortgage Interest Rates December 13 2007. Fixed mortgage rates are UNCHANGED from Wednesday December 12 2007, while adjustable mortgage rates are UNCHANGED - Today’s 30 Year, is UNCHANGED and 15 Year Fixed are UNCHANGED - while as the 5/1 is UNCHANGED the 3/1 ARM Mortgage Interest Rates are UP. The 10 year treasury bond is UP to 4.15%.

Panel Slates Mark up of Bankruptcy Compromise

After several failed attempts, the House Judiciary Committee is slated to mark up a bankruptcy bill on Wednesday that would allow homeowners filing for Chapter 13 relief to get their mortgages restructured.

Committee Democrats have agreed to several changes to the bankruptcy bill (H.R. 3609) to secure the support of Rep. Steve Chabot, R-Ohio.

As originally introduced by Reps. Brad Miller, D-N.C., and Linda Sanchez, D-Calif, H.R. 3609 would allow bankruptcy judges to reduce interest rates and the principal amount of a mortgage, which mortgage industry groups and several committee Republicans warned would scare off mortgage investors and damage the secondary market.

Under the proposed changes, the bill would cover both subprime mortgages and nontraditional mortgages that were originated after Jan. 1, 2000 up to the date of enactment of the legislation. The compromise also includes new criteria for homeowners who could qualify for bankruptcy relief.

The US Central Bank cut interest rates again in order to bolster the housing market and US economy. In its final meeting of 2007, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates for a third straight time. But Wall Street is saying “It’s just not enough”.

Federal Reserve’s Cuts Disappoint Wall Street Once Again. A big decline on Wall Street as the Fed cuts interest rates again, but less than some had expected.

# The Dow declined 294 to 13,432.
# The S&P 500 slid 38.
# The Nasdaq lost 66.